Class 9th 10th Biology: Reproduction: How Life Continues (Complete Practice Quiz, Exemplar & Explanations)

Class 9th & 10th Biology

How do Organisms Reproduce? (Complete Practice Quiz & Solutions)

Class 9th 10th Biology: Reproduction: How Life Continues (Complete Practice Quiz, Exemplar & Explanations)

Part A: Multiple Choice Questions (बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न)

Q1. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:
(अलैंगिक जनन से उत्पन्न संतति होती है:)

💡 Explanation: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent without gamete fusion, producing genetically identical clones of parents and siblings[cite: 6].

Q2. The development of offspring from any part of animal body is called:
(जंतु शरीर के किसी भी भाग से संतति का विकास कहलाता है:)

💡 Explanation: Development from body somatic parts without gametes in animals is asexual reproduction[cite: 6].

Q3. Main method of reproduction in Amoeba is:
(अमीबा में जनन की मुख्य विधि है:)

💡 Explanation: Amoeba primarily reproduces by binary fission, splitting into two equal daughter cells[cite: 6].

Q4. Asexual reproduction by budding takes place in:
(मुकुलन (Budding) द्वारा अलैंगिक जनन होता है:)

💡 Explanation: Yeast undergoes budding where small protuberances arise from the parent body[cite: 6].

Q5. Multiplication in yeast occurs by:
(ईस्ट में गुणन किसके द्वारा होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Budding is the main asexual mode of multiplication in unicellular yeast[cite: 6].

Q6. In which of the following organisms, multiple fission is a means of asexual reproduction?
(किस जीव में बहुखंडन (Multiple fission) अलैंगिक जनन का साधन है?)

💡 Explanation: Plasmodium (malarial parasite) divides into many daughter cells simultaneously via multiple fission[cite: 6].

Q7. Regeneration can be seen in:
(पुनरुद्भवन (Regeneration) देखा जा सकता है:)

💡 Explanation: Hydra, Planaria, and Starfish possess specialized cells capable of regenerating whole body parts[cite: 6].

Q8. Vegetative buds on leaves are found in:
(पत्तियों पर कायिक कलिकाएं पाई जाती हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Bryophyllum leaf notches produce adventitious buds that grow into plantlets[cite: 6].

Q9. Plasmodium divides by:
(प्लाज्मोलियम विभाजित होता है:)

💡 Explanation: Multiple fission allows Plasmodium to create numerous spores inside a cyst[cite: 6].

Q10. Which one of these multiplies by bulbil?
(इनमें से कौन पत्रप्रकलिका (bulbil) द्वारा गुणन करता है?)

💡 Explanation: Agave reproduces vegetatively through specialized modified floral buds called bulbils[cite: 6].

Q11. Identify the mode of asexual reproduction in Leishmania shown in diagram:
(चित्र में दर्शाए गए लिशमेनिया में अलैंगिक जनन की विधि पहचानें:)

💡 Explanation: Leishmania reproduces by longitudinal binary fission in a definite orientation relative to its whip-like structure[cite: 6].

Q12. Conidia are a type of:
(कोनिडिया (Conidia) किसका प्रकार हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Conidia are non-motile asexual reproductive spores produced exogenously in fungi[cite: 6].

Q13. The reproduction in Rhizopus takes place by:
(राइजोपस (Rhizopus) में जनन होता है:)

💡 Explanation: Rhizopus forms sporangia containing thousands of resistant spores for propagation[cite: 6].

Q14. Choose the correct order of stages of binary fission in Leishmania:
(लिशमेनिया में द्विखंडन के चरणों का सही क्रम चुनें:)

💡 Explanation: Longitudinal fission starts with flagellum duplication followed by nuclear and cytoplasmic division[cite: 6].

Q15. Choose correct statement(s) on budding in Hydra:
I. Parent divides into two daughter cells losing identity.
II. Elongated nucleus divides into daughter nuclei.
III. Bud arises from a particular region.
IV. Detached bud grows into independent individual.

💡 Explanation: Statements III and IV accurately describe budding in multicellular Hydra[cite: 6].

Q16. Conditions responsible for rapid spread of bread mould:
(i) Large number of spores    (ii) Moisture and nutrients in bread
(iii) Low temperature    (iv) Presence of hyphae

💡 Explanation: Abundant microscopic airborne spores alongside warm moisture/nutrients facilitate rapid fungal germination[cite: 6].

Q17. Which of the following statement is true for Hydra, Amoeba and Spirogyra?
(हाइड्रा, अमीबा और स्पाइरोगायरा के लिए कौन सा कथन सत्य है?)

💡 Explanation: All three organisms reproduce via asexual means (Budding, Fission, Fragmentation)[cite: 6].

Q18. Which organism is represented in the sporangia diagram?
(चित्र में किस जीव का आरेख दर्शाया गया है?)

💡 Explanation: The diagram depicts Rhizopus (bread mould) with thread-like hyphae and rounded sporangia[cite: 6].

Q19. Which statement is NOT true about a 'bud' in Hydra?
(हाइड्रा में 'मुकुल' (Bud) के बारे में कौन सा कथन सत्य नहीं है?)

💡 Explanation: The bud detaches only after developing into a fully formed miniature individual, not immediately upon formation[cite: 6].

Q20. Which one of these does not reproduce by roots?
(इनमें से कौन जड़ों द्वारा जनन नहीं करता है?)

💡 Explanation: Ginger reproduces vegetatively through a modified underground stem called a rhizome[cite: 6].

Q21. Grafting is a/an _______ method of reproduction in plants:
(ग्राफ्टिंग (कलम बांधना) जनन की कौन सी विधि है?)

💡 Explanation: Grafting is an artificial asexual vegetative propagation technique combining stock and scion[cite: 6].

Q22. Plants raised by vegetative propagation are:
(कायिक प्रवर्धन द्वारा उगाए जाने वाले पौधे हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Sugarcane, rose, and grapes have lost seed capacity and are propagated vegetatively[cite: 6].

Q23. In sweet potato vegetative propagation takes place by:
(शकरकंद में कायिक प्रवर्धन किसके द्वारा होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Sweet potato utilizes tuberous adventitious roots for vegetative propagation[cite: 6].

Q24. In horticulture, the most common practice of growing plants is:
(बागवानी में पौधे उगाने की सबसे सामान्य विधि है:)

💡 Explanation: Stem and root cuttings are widely used commercial horticultural practices[cite: 6].

Q25. The male organ in flower is:
(पुष्प में नर जननांग है:)

💡 Explanation: Stamen (comprising anther and filament) represents the male reproductive organ of a flower[cite: 6].

Q26. Self fertilization is also called:
(स्व-निषेचन को यह भी कहा जाता है:)

💡 Explanation: Autogamy is pollination of a stigma by pollen from the same flower[cite: 6].

Q27. Plants which bear unisexual flowers are:
(एकलिंगी पुष्प धारण करने वाले पौधे हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Watermelon and Papaya produce unisexual flowers containing either stamen or carpel[cite: 6].

Q28. The part that does not belong to carpel is:
(वह भाग जो स्त्रीकेसर (Carpel) से संबंधित नहीं है:)

💡 Explanation: Filament belongs to stamen; carpel consists of stigma, style, and ovary[cite: 6].

Q29. Pollen grains are produced by:
(परागकण किसके द्वारा निर्मित होते हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Anthers produce microspores that mature into pollen grains containing male gametes[cite: 6].

Q30. Source of food during germination of seed is:
(बीज अंकुरण के दौरान भोजन का स्रोत है:)

💡 Explanation: Cotyledons store reserve food materials required by seedling during early growth[cite: 6].

Q31. Seminiferous tubules are composed of:
(शुक्रजनक नलिकाएं (Seminiferous tubules) बनी होती हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Germinal epithelium lining seminiferous tubules divides meiotically to form sperms[cite: 6].

Q32. Outer thick and rough wall of pollen grain is called:
(परागकण की बाहरी मोटी और खुरदरी भित्ति कहलाती है:)

💡 Explanation: Exine is made of highly resistant sporopollenin material[cite: 6].

Q33. The anther contains:
(परागकोश (Anther) में होते हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Anthers harbor pollen sacs containing millions of pollen grains[cite: 6].

Q34. The stamen contains:
(पुंकेसर (Stamen) में होता है:)

💡 Explanation: Stamen bears anthers which hold pollen grains[cite: 6].

Q35. Seeds are products of sexual reproduction because they:
(बीज लैंगिक जनन का उत्पाद हैं क्योंकि वे:)

💡 Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves syngamy of male and female gametes yielding fertilized ovules (seeds)[cite: 6].

Q36. Fertilisation is the process of:
(निषेचन (Fertilisation) किसकी प्रक्रिया है?)

💡 Explanation: Fertilisation is the fusion of haploid male and female gamete nuclei to form a diploid zygote[cite: 6].

Q37. Among flowers X (bisexual), Y (female), Z (male), which develops into fruit?
(फूल X, Y, Z में से कौन सा फल में विकसित होगा?)

💡 Explanation: Fruit develops from ovary. Flowers X and Y possess pistils/ovaries, whereas male flower Z lacks ovary[cite: 6].

Q38. Like animals, plants produce:
(जंतुओं की तरह, पौधे उत्पन्न करते हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Male gametes (pollen grains/sperms) are produced in vast excess relative to egg cells to maximize fertilization success[cite: 6].

Q39. Part(s) of flower which attracts insects for pollination is (are):
(पुष्प का वह भाग जो परागण के लिए कीटों को आकर्षित करता है:)

💡 Explanation: Brightly colored petals attract insect pollinators[cite: 6].

Q40. Testes are present in a muscular sac, called:
(वृषण (Testes) एक पेशीय थैली में स्थित होते हैं, जिसे कहते हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Scrotum holds testes outside the abdominal cavity to maintain lower temperature for spermatogenesis[cite: 6].

Q41. Fertilisation takes place in:
(निषेचन कहाँ संपन्न होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Fertilization occurs in the ampullary-isthmic junction of Fallopian tubes (oviduct)[cite: 6].

Q42. The embryonic period during which zygote forms complete individual is:
(वह गर्भावधि जिसमें युग्मनज पूर्ण व्यक्ति बनता है:)

💡 Explanation: Gestation is the time duration from fertilization/implantation to childbirth (~9 months in humans)[cite: 6].

Q43. Onset of pubertal character in male is due to hormone:
(पुरुष में किशोरावस्था के लक्षणों की शुरुआत किस हार्मोन से होती है?)

💡 Explanation: Testosterone secreted by Leydig cells drives male secondary sexual characteristics[cite: 6].

Q44. Which organ is NOT part of human female reproductive system?
(कौन सा अंग मानव महिला प्रजनन तंत्र का भाग नहीं है?)

💡 Explanation: Vas deferens is part of the male reproductive duct system[cite: 6].

Q45. Besides forming sperms, testes also secrete:
(शुक्राणु बनाने के अलावा वृषण किसका स्रावण करते हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Endocrine function of testes is producing testosterone androgen[cite: 6].

Q46. Breast development is promoted by:
(स्तन विकास को कौन सा हार्मोन बढ़ावा देता है?)

💡 Explanation: Estrogen stimulates mammary gland and breast tissue development in females at puberty[cite: 6].

Q47. During menstruation cycle, ovulation takes place at which day?
(मासिक धर्म चक्र के दौरान अंडोत्सर्ग किस दिन होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Mid-cycle LH surge triggers ovulation on approximately day 14 of a 28-day cycle[cite: 6].

Q48. Male reproductive hormone is:
(पुरुष जनन हार्मोन है:)

💡 Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone[cite: 6].

Q49. Penis is covered by sensitive skin called as:
(शिश्न (Penis) संवेदनशील त्वचा से ढका होता है जिसे कहते हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Prepuce (foreskin) is the retractable fold of skin covering glans penis[cite: 6].

Q50. Cowper's glands are found in:
(काउपर ग्रंथियां (Cowper's glands) पाई जाती हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are accessory reproductive glands in male mammals[cite: 6].

Q51. The incorrect statement about placenta is:
(प्लेसेंटा (अपरा) के बारे में गलत कथन है:)

💡 Explanation: Placenta has a VERY LARGE surface area formed by villi to facilitate efficient transport[cite: 6].

Q52. Progesterone is secreted by:
(प्रोजेस्टेरोन किसके द्वारा स्रावित होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Corpus luteum formed after ovulation secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy[cite: 6].

Q53. Reproduction in man is only:
(मनुष्य में जनन केवल होता है:)

💡 Explanation: Humans reproduce exclusively through sexual reproduction involving male and female gamete fusion[cite: 6].

Q54. Fusion of male and female gametes is termed as:
(नर और मादा युग्मकों के संलयन को कहते हैं:)

💡 Explanation: Fertilisation is syngamy between sperm and ovum nuclei[cite: 6].

Q55. Ovum is fertilised in:
(अंडाणु का निषेचन कहाँ होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Fallopian tube (oviduct) is the physiological site of fertilization[cite: 6].

Q56. Plants like rose and banana have lost capacity to produce:
(गुलाब और केले जैसे पौधों ने क्या उत्पन्न करने की क्षमता खो दी है?)

💡 Explanation: Rose and banana are seedless varieties propagated purely vegetatively[cite: 6].

Q57. An ovum released from ovary enters into:
(अंडाशय से मुक्त अंडाणु प्रवेश करता है:)

💡 Explanation: Fimbriae of fallopian tube collect released secondary oocyte during ovulation[cite: 6].

Q58. Which change is common in both boys and girls during puberty?
(किशोरावस्था में लड़कों और लड़कियों दोनों में कौन सा परिवर्तन सामान्य है?)

💡 Explanation: Growth of pubic hair and armpit hair is common to both sexes at puberty[cite: 6].

Q59. Uterus has a highly vascular inner lining called:
(गर्भाशय की अत्यधिक संवहनी आंतरिक परत कहलाती है:)

💡 Explanation: Endometrium thickens monthly with blood vessels to prepare for blastocyst implantation[cite: 6].

Q60. In a bisexual flower male gametes are present in:
(उभयलिंगी पुष्प में नर युग्मक कहाँ उपस्थित होते हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Anthers generate pollen grains which produce male gamete cells[cite: 6].

Q61. Menarche means:
(रजोदर्शन (Menarche) का अर्थ है:)

💡 Explanation: Menarche marks the first menstrual cycle occurring at female puberty[cite: 6].

Q62. Oral-contraceptives prevent:
(मौखिक गर्भनिरोधक (Oral pills) किसे रोकते हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Hormonal oral pills inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus quality[cite: 6].

Q63. Which has half the chromosomes & DNA compared to body cells?
(किसमें कायिक कोशिकाओं की तुलना में आधे गुणसूत्र और आधा DNA होता है?)

💡 Explanation: Germ cells (sperm and egg) undergo meiosis reducing chromosome number to haploid (n)[cite: 6].

Q64. Cutting of fallopian tubes to prevent fertilisation is called:
(निषेचन रोकने के लिए फैलोपियन नलिकाओं को काटना कहलाता है:)

💡 Explanation: Tubectomy is surgical sterilization performed on female fallopian tubes[cite: 6].

Q65. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for:
(ह्यूमन इम्युनोडेफिशिएंसी वायरस (HIV) किसके लिए जिम्मेदार है?)

💡 Explanation: HIV causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)[cite: 6].

Q66. Vasectomy is method of:
(वेसेक्टॉमी (Vasectomy) किसकी विधि है?)

💡 Explanation: Vasectomy is male surgical contraception where vas deferens is cut and tied[cite: 6].

Q67. Copper-T is a _______ type of contraceptive:
(कॉपर-टी (Copper-T) किस प्रकार का गर्भनिरोधक है?)

💡 Explanation: Copper-T is placed inside uterus as an IUD releasing copper ions[cite: 6].

Q68. Match Organism (Column I) with Mode of Reproduction (Column II):
P. Leishmania — Binary fission (3)
Q. Spirogyra — Fragmentation (4)
R. Planaria — Regeneration (1)
S. Plasmodium — Multiple fission (2)

💡 Explanation: Correct pairing matches Leishmania(3), Spirogyra(4), Planaria(1), and Plasmodium(2)[cite: 6].

Q69. Unwanted pregnancies can be controlled by using:
(अनचाहे गर्भधारण को नियंत्रित किया जा सकता है:)

💡 Explanation: Barriers, oral pills, IUDs, and surgical options prevent unwanted pregnancy[cite: 6].

Q70. A sexually-transmitted bacterial disease is:
(यौन संचरित जीवाणु रोग (Bacterial STD) है:)

💡 Explanation: Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and Syphilis are bacterial STDs, while AIDS and Warts are viral[cite: 6].

Q71. A surgery conducted to terminate pregnancy is called:
(गर्भपात/गर्भ समाप्त करने की शल्य प्रक्रिया कहलाती है:)

💡 Explanation: Surgical or medical termination of pregnancy is abortion (MTP)[cite: 6].

Q72. Main reason for increased variation in sexual reproduction:
(लैंगिक जनन में अधिक विभिन्नता का मुख्य कारण क्या है?)

💡 Explanation: Combining genomes from two different parents generates unique genetic combinations[cite: 6].

Q73. Which of the following is an abiotic agent of pollination?
(निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा परागण का अजैविक कारक है?)

💡 Explanation: Wind and water are abiotic non-living pollination agents[cite: 6].

Q74. Which of the following is NOT a method of seed dispersal?
(निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी बीज प्रकीर्णन की विधि नहीं है?)

💡 Explanation: Wind, water, animals, and explosive mechanisms disperse seeds, soil does not disperse[cite: 6].

Q75. Heavy metal affecting acrosome reaction directly harming sperm capability:
(कौन सी भारी धातु शुक्राणु की निषेचन क्षमता को सीधे प्रभावित करती है?)

💡 Explanation: Cadmium toxicity severely damages acrosomal integrity and sperm motility[cite: 6].

Q76. Method most effective in preventing both pregnancy and STDs:
(गर्भधारण और STDs दोनों को रोकने में सबसे प्रभावी विधि:)

💡 Explanation: Barrier methods like condoms prevent fluid exchange, protecting against STDs alongside pregnancy[cite: 6].

Q77. What does 'RCH' stand for in reproductive health?
(जनन स्वास्थ्य में 'RCH' का अर्थ क्या है?)

💡 Explanation: RCH stands for Reproductive and Child Health Care program[cite: 6].

Q78. Father of Surgery and Applied Anatomy in ancient India:
(प्राचीन भारत में 'शल्य चिकित्सा के जनक' कौन माने जाते हैं?)

💡 Explanation: Maharshi Sushruta authored Sushruta Samhita and is renowned as the Father of Surgery[cite: 6].

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Part B: NCERT Exemplar Questions

Q1 (Exemplar). Organisms that reproduce by asexual method are:
(i) Banana    (ii) Dog    (iii) Yeast    (iv) Amoeba

💡 Explanation: Banana (vegetative), Yeast (budding), Amoeba (fission) reproduce asexually. Dogs reproduce sexually[cite: 6].

Q2 (Exemplar). Parts producing male and female gametes in flower are:

💡 Explanation: Anther produces male gametes (pollen); Ovary contains female gametes (ovules/eggs)[cite: 6].

Q3 (Exemplar). Correct sequence of events of sexual reproduction in flower:

💡 Explanation: Sequence: Pollen transfer → Gamete fusion → Zygote/Embryo formation → Seed germination to seedling[cite: 6].

Q4 (Exemplar). Offspring formed asexually have greater similarity because:
(i) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.
(ii) Asexual reproduction does not involve gametes.

💡 Explanation: Absence of gametic fusion and single parent lineage yields identical clones[cite: 6].

Q5 (Exemplar). Characters transmitted from parents to offspring are present in:

💡 Explanation: Genes located on chromosomes are functional heredity units[cite: 6].

Q6 (Exemplar). Characters transmitted during reproduction show:

💡 Explanation: Offspring inherit species parental traits (similarities) alongside subtle DNA copying errors (variations)[cite: 6].

Q7 (Exemplar). Feature common to Amoeba, Spirogyra and Yeast:

💡 Explanation: All three reproduce via asexual mechanisms (Spirogyra is multicellular, Yeast and Amoeba are unicellular)[cite: 6].

Q8 (Exemplar). In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by:

💡 Explanation: Spirogyra undergoes fragmentation upon maturation[cite: 6].

Q9 (Exemplar). Ability of a cell to divide into several cells during reproduction in Plasmodium:

💡 Explanation: Multiple fission produces many daughter cells inside a single cyst[cite: 6].

Q10 (Exemplar). Correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants:

💡 Explanation: Gamete fusion → Zygote → Embryo in seed → Seedling upon germination[cite: 6].

Q11 (Exemplar). Number of chromosomes remains constant across generations due to:

💡 Explanation: Meiosis halves chromosome numbers during gametogenesis; fertilisation restores diploid state[cite: 6].

Q12 (Exemplar). Tubular thread-like structures bearing sporangia in Rhizopus:

💡 Explanation: Aerial hyphae (sporangiophores) bear sporangia at their tips[cite: 6].

Q13 (Exemplar). Vegetative propagation refers to formation of new plants from:

💡 Explanation: Roots, stems, and leaves are non-reproductive vegetative organs[cite: 6].

Q14 (Exemplar). Factors responsible for rapid spread of bread mould:
(i) Large number of spores    (ii) Moisture and nutrients in bread

💡 Explanation: Spore abundance coupled with ideal growth substrate drives rapid spread[cite: 6].

Q15 (Exemplar). Length of pollen tube depends on distance between:

💡 Explanation: Pollen tube grows through style tissue from stigma top down to ovule entry point[cite: 6].

Q16 (Exemplar). True statements for flowers:
(ii) They are sexual reproductive organs.
(iv) After fertilisation, they give rise to fruits.

💡 Explanation: Flowers house reproductive gamete organs, turning ovaries into fruits post-fertilization[cite: 6].

Q17 (Exemplar). True statements for unisexual flowers:
(ii) Possess either stamen or pistil.
(iii) Exhibit cross-pollination.
(iv) Unisexual flowers possessing only stamens cannot produce fruits.

💡 Explanation: Male flowers lack ovaries so cannot form fruits; unisexual flowers rely on cross-pollination[cite: 6].

Q18 (Exemplar). True statements for sexual reproduction in plants:
(i) Requires two types of gametes    (ii) Fertilisation compulsory    (iii) Results in zygote

💡 Explanation: Sexual reproduction creates genetically variable offspring, not identical clones[cite: 6].

Q19 (Exemplar). In seed diagram, parts A, B, C are sequentially:
A = Plumule (future shoot)
B = Cotyledon (stored food)
C = Radicle (future root)

💡 Explanation: Top axis is plumule, middle flesh is cotyledon, bottom tip is radicle[cite: 6].

Q20 (Exemplar). Offspring formed by sexual reproduction exhibit more variation because:

💡 Explanation: Mixing maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis/syngamy enhances genetic diversity[cite: 6].

Q21 (Exemplar). Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to:

💡 Explanation: Reproduction ensures species survival and population continuity over time[cite: 6].

Q22 (Exemplar). Change associated with sexual maturation in boys during adolescence:

💡 Explanation: Larynx enlargement under testosterone influence causes voice cracking in boys[cite: 6].

Q23 (Exemplar). Event reflecting onset of reproductive phase in human females:

💡 Explanation: Menarche signals functional ovarian maturation and egg production initiation[cite: 6].

Q24 (Exemplar). In males, testes lie in scrotum because it helps in:

💡 Explanation: Scrotum maintains temperature 2-2.5°C lower than core body temp required for sperms[cite: 6].

Q25 (Exemplar). Which is NOT a function of testes at puberty?
(iii) Development of placenta    (iv) Secretion of estrogen

💡 Explanation: Estrogen secretion and placenta development occur exclusively in females[cite: 6].

Q26 (Exemplar). Correct sequence of organs in male reproductive system for transport of sperms:

💡 Explanation: Sperms produced in testis travel through vas deferens joining common urogenital urethra[cite: 6].

Q27 (Exemplar). Which disease is NOT sexually transmitted?

💡 Explanation: Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, HIV are classic STDs[cite: 6].

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Part C: Assertion and Reason Questions

Directions:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Q1 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Amoeba reproduces by binary fission.
Reason (R): All unicellular organisms reproduce asexually.

💡 Explanation: Unicellular organisms split asexually via mitotic fission[cite: 6].

Q2 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Plants are vegetatively propagated even though they bear seeds.
Reason (R): Potatoes reproduce through tubers, apples by cutting etc.

💡 Explanation: Both statements are true facts, but listing examples doesn't explain WHY vegetative propagation is chosen (faster growth, clone preservation)[cite: 6].

Q3 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Characteristics of parental plants can be preserved through asexual reproduction.
Reason (R): Vegetative reproduction involves only mitosis.

💡 Explanation: Mitotic replication preserves exact genetic sequences without crossing over[cite: 6].

Q4 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Regeneration is getting a full organism back from body parts.
Reason (R): Hydra and Planaria show regeneration.

💡 Explanation: Stating examples (Hydra/Planaria) does not explain the biological process behind regeneration[cite: 6].

Q5 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission.
Reason (R): Multiple fission is a type of asexual reproduction.

💡 Explanation: Both statements are true, but R is a classification category, not an explanation[cite: 6].

Q6 (A/R).
Assertion (A): An embryo is formed from fertilized egg.
Reason (R): A monocot embryo comprises embryonal axis with two cotyledons.

💡 Explanation: Reason is false because a monocot embryo possesses only ONE cotyledon[cite: 6].

Q7 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically similar.
Reason (R): Asexual reproduction involves a single parent.

💡 Explanation: Single parent reproduction without genetic recombination produces identical offspring[cite: 6].

Q8 (A/R).
Assertion (A): DNA copying is necessary during reproduction.
Reason (R): DNA copying leads to transmission of characters and brings variations.

💡 Explanation: DNA replication transmits genetic blueprints and introduces evolutionary variations[cite: 6].

Q9 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Unisexual plants have separate male and female flowers.
Reason (R): Papaya, pumpkin, cucumber and watermelon are examples.

💡 Explanation: Examples confirm the definition but do not provide logical explanation[cite: 6].

Q10 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Double fertilisation is unique to angiosperms.
Reason (R): Triple fusion occurs in asexual reproduction.

💡 Explanation: Triple fusion occurs during SEXUAL reproduction in angiosperms, so Reason is false[cite: 6].

Q11 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Fertilization results in formation of zygote.
Reason (R): Zygote divides several times to form an embryo.

💡 Explanation: Both are sequential true events in reproduction, but R describes subsequent development[cite: 6].

Q12 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity and plays role in origin of species.
Reason (R): Sexual reproduction involves formation and fusion of gametes.

💡 Explanation: Recombination during gametogenesis and gametic fusion generates variations vital for evolution[cite: 6].

Q13 (A/R).
Assertion (A): At puberty in boys, voice begins to crack and facial hair grows.
Reason (R): At puberty, there is decreased secretion of testosterone in boys.

💡 Explanation: Reason is false because puberty involves an INCREASED secretion of testosterone[cite: 6].

Q14 (A/R).
Assertion (A): A bisexual flower produces ova as well as pollen.
Reason (R): Ova and pollen are produced in the carpel.

💡 Explanation: Reason is false because pollen grains are produced in stamens (anthers), not carpels[cite: 6].

Q15 (A/R).
Assertion (A): In human beings female produces two types of gametes.
Reason (R): Female has two X chromosomes.

💡 Explanation: Assertion is false because females are homogametic (producing only ONE type of gamete with X chromosome)[cite: 6].

Q16 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Testes in human males are located outside abdominal cavity in scrotum.
Reason (R): Scrotum provides a lower temperature than normal body temperature.

💡 Explanation: Lower scrotal temperature (2–2.5°C below core body temp) is essential for sperm survival[cite: 6].

Q17 (A/R).
Assertion (A): Surgical methods are most effective methods of contraception.
Reason (R): Surgical method blocks gametes transport and prevents fertilisation.

💡 Explanation: Surgical blockage of vas deferens / fallopian tubes permanently halts gamete movement[cite: 6].